Scarfing method and apparatus



Nov. 5, 19757 v.-B. GARRlsoN ETAL 2,812,174

scARFING METHOD AND APPARATUS Filed oct. 19, 195s 9 sheets-sheet 1 VANB.GARR|soN ARTHUR w.GRuBER JOSEPH F. maw/ m ATTORNEY v Nov. 5, 1957 v.B. GARRlsoN ErAL 2,812,174

SCARFING METHOD AND APPARATUS Filed Oct. 19. 1953 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG.

' lNvl-:No S VAN B. GARRI 0N ARTHUR W. GRUBER ATTO R N EY 9 Sheets-Sheet5 Filed oct. 19.1955

INVENTORS VAN B. GARRlsoN .ARTHUR w. GRUBER JOSEPH F. KIERN N 'BY Muwkhwn ATTORNEY- Nov. 5, 1957 v. B. GARR'lsoN ETAL 2,812,174

SCARFING METHOD AND APPARATUS 9 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed oct. 19, 1953INVENTORS VAN B. GARRISON ARTHUR W. GRUBER JOSEPH F. KIERNN BYM. l "i,

ATTORNEY Nov. 5', 1957 vjB. GARRlsoN ETAL 2,812,174

scARFING METHOD AND APPARATUS Filed oct. 19'. 195s 9 sheets-sheet 5 FIG.5

FIG. e

INVENTORS VAN B. GARRISON ARTHUR W. GRUBER BYHMMM ATTORNEY l JOSEPH F.K'IERNAN Nov. 5, 1957 v. B. GARRlsoN ETAL 2,812,174 Y SCARFING METHODAND APPARATUS 9 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed Oct. 19, 1953 Y Y BW.

' v. B. GARRlsGN ETAL 2,812,174

scARFING METHOD AND APPARATUS Nov. 5, 1957 9 Sheets-Sheet 7 Filed OCT..19. 1953 INVENTORS .VAN B. GARRISON ARTHUR W. GRUBER 'JOSEPH F. KIERNABY M ATTO R N EY u J. .2 l s, 2 m N m uw. NA wm MD mm Gm am V.

Nov. 5, 1957 v NOV- 5, 1957 v. B. GARRlsoN ETAL 2,812,174

SCARFING METHOD AND APPARATUS Filed oct. 19. 1953 United States PatentAO SCARFING METHOD APPARATUS Van Buskir'k Garrison, Caldwell, yArthur W.Gruber, Union City, and Joseph F. Kiernan, Dunellen, N. J., assignorsVto AirfReduction Company, Incorporated, New York, N. Y., -a corporation-o'fNew lYork Application October 19, 1953,fSerialfNo. 386,792

7 Claims. (onzas-2s) i This invention rela'tes to methods and .apparatusfor thermochemically desurfacing or scariing cylindricalmetal workpiecesand Vmore particularly it .relates to .scarng round billets in a rollingmill roll line.

Many successful installations have been made in recent years for scaringworkpieces of rectangular cross section. These machines have beendeveloped Ato satisfactorily scarf billets,` blooms, and slabs one ortwo surfaces at a time or all four surfaces simultaneously. Such.machines have also been adapted to the scarting of workpieces ofvarious sizes by relatively simple adjustments of the machine. Machinesfor scariing rectangular workpieces usually are vadapted to assume anoperable position With respect to the workpieces regardless of theposition of the workpiece on the roll table. An inherent advantage whichsimplies the design of a scarring machine for workpieces having iiatsurfaces is the fact that a single burner scarfs an entire face of theworkpiece, and the point at which adjacent burners meet is the corner ofthe workpiece.

The Asatisfactory design of suitable apparatus for scariing rounds lisconsiderably more diiilcult and up to the time ofA the presentinvention, the longitudinal scarng of rounds has been consideredentirely impractical for several reasons. ln the past, `to avoidthesediflculties, it has been proposed to scarf rounds in much the samemanner as a layer of metal 'is removed from .the surface of a roundworkpiece in a lathe. The scariing oxygen jets were obliquely directedtoward the surface of the work in a ldirection perpendicular to a linedrawn on the surface ofthe work parallel to the longitudinal axis. Thishas obvious disadvantages in the requirements for positioning theworkpiece and the requirement for rotating .it simultaneously withadvancing it longitudinally.

There are three principle dii'liculties involved in the design yof -amachine for longitudinally scarng rounds which have been overcome by thepresent invention. First, since it is necessary to makepthe scarngburner automatically adjust itself to theposition of the work: pieceonthe roll table and simultaneously to eliminate, to a large degree, thepossibility of the billet accidentally crashing into the burner, it hasbeen found necessary to make the burner in at least two segments lsothat it can be opened and removed from the roll table as the billetcomes into the scarfing area and can then be closed on the 4billet tocompletely surround it for a single pass longitudinal scarng operation.

sages are not parallel greatly complicates the machining` operationsinvolved in the manufacturing of such a head ICC It is an object,therefore, -of the .present invention to provide a method and apparatusfor the longitudinal scarng of cylindrical workpieces in which theburner is a multi-piece burner capable of being opened to permit theentrance and exit of workpiece from the scarng area and which can beclosed around the workpiece to .permit continuous single pass' scariingof the entire workpiece surface.

Another object of this invention is to provide a method and apparatusfor producing scarfed surfaces free from ridges on a range of diametersof cylindrical workpieces.

A second difculty re-k sides in the practical necessity of 'designing asingle scarf-r Another object of this lnventionis to provide apparatusfor longitudinally scariing round workpieces that is relatively simpleto make and requires little maintenance.

Figure 1 illustrates a front View of a scarng machine according to thepresent invention for the longitudinal scarng of round billets. Y

Figure .2 is a top View of the scarng installation of Figure `rl.

Figure 3 is a view from the side against the billet of a quarter roundvsegment of a round scarng head and wear shoe according to the presentinvention.

.Figure 4 is a view of the quarter round segment of Figure l3 vtakenfrom the side opposite to that shown in Fig. 3.

Figure 5 is a sectional view taken along line 5-5 of Fig. l showing thescar'ng head segment, the mounting bracket and support, and the wearshoe.

Figure 6 is a front view of the mounting bracket.

Figure 7 is a sectional partial view showing the preheat ports at theend of a segment.

Figure 8 is a sectional partial View showing the scarng yoxygen orificesat the end of a segment.

Figures 9 thru 17 are sectional views taken along "lines 9-i9 thru 17-17of Figure 4.

A simple form of scarug machine embodying the present invention is shownin Figures l and 2.

A Xed frame 21, which is the frame of a rolling mill roll table, acts as.an interior end support for cross beams 22 whichy are supported attheir outer ends by legs 23. Cylinderfand-piston motors 24, preferablyof the pneumatic type, have piston rods 26 connected with support frames2'7 by pivot connections 28.y The cylinders of motors 24 have trunnions29 that support the motors from'brackets 31 bolted to the cross beams 22which are in effect a part of the stationary or fixed frame 21 of theconveyor. The aforementioned support frames 27 are mounted on wheeledcarriages 32 which can be advanced or retracted by the motiontransmitted to the piston rods 26 through the cylinder-and-piston motors24. The support iframes 27 include upwardly extending members supportingcylinderand-pisto`n motors 33. Trunnions 34 act in such a manner as topivotally support the cylinderand-'piston motors 33 in a relativelyiixed position. The motors 3 3 have piston rods 36 connected by pivotpins 37 to clamps 381that grip the tubular portion of extendingarms'39.y yThese arms are pivotally joined to support frame 27 bya'pivot pin 3S for Vertical movement as best shown in lFigure 2. Supportframev27 is pivoted to the roll table main frame at 30 for horizontalmovement. The scaring head supports 41 and 42 respectively are securedto'arms 39. The scarng head brackets 43 are secured in turn to the scarnghead supports 41 and 42 and the scariing burner segments 44 are securedvto the brackets 43. The iluid motors described provide for 'advancihgand retracting the scarng head segments towardy and away from the centerof the roll table as wellV l'as raising and lowering them. Thesepositioning operations may be performed separately or simultaneously.

The torch elements, or segments, 44 for scarng the top andone side ofthe bloom (left side as viewed in Figure 1) are connected bybracketsf'to theasupport'.,

41, and the torch elements for scarng the bottom and right side of thebloom are joined by similar brackets to support 42.

When a scarfing operation is to be started on a billet (shown in phantomoutlineiri Figures land 2.), the torch elements 44 are normally heldback out of the path of the billet by supplying compressed air to thecylinders of the motors 24 to cause those motors to draw theframes 27away from one another andfrom the center Yof the conveyor. At the sametime the motor 33 onl one side of' the apparatus is operated to lowerthe support 42 and the corresponding motor 33 on the other side `of theapparatus is operated to raise the support 41. elements 44 are then outof the way where they cannot be struck by the end of the billet. l 1

As soon as the end of the billet has'passed the supports 41 and 42,compressed airis supplied to the motors 24 and 33 to cause them to movein the reverse direction and bring all of the torch elements 44 intoposition around the billet. Motion of the torch elements towards thebillet is stopped by shoes V51 attached to the torch elements coming incontact with the billet. The compressed air holds the torch elements inposition with the shoes against the billet with a yielding pressure'suchthat each shoe that is against the surface of the billet yields oradvances in response to any horizontal change in the relative positionof the surface with respect to the center line of the conveyor or anyvertical change with respect to the level of the conveyor.

In order to prevent the torch elements 44 from striking one another ifthe torch-positioning devices are brought together with no bloom betweenthem or with a bloom too small for the torch elements limit stops areprovided. Screws 46 threaded through lugs on the brack- A et arm 41strike against abutments 47 on the bracket arm The scarfing headsegments 44 are mounted on the support brackets 43, best shown inFigures and 6. Each bracket may be slidably adjusted to vary the size ofthe area enclosed by the segments by adjustment of the position of thebracket on the bracket arm, which adjustment is permitted by the angularslots 48 through which the securing bolts pass. A portion of bracket 43is appropriately curved to fit snugly against the outer surface of thescarfing head segment 44 and the segment is secured thereto by bolts 49.Bolts 49 not only maintain the segment 44 in a fixed position withrespect to the bracket 43 but also pass through 44 and support a scarngshoe 51, which rides on the work.

A shield 52 is mounted on the scarling shoe 51 such I" that it protectsthe tube connections to the scarng head segment 44 and the scarfing shoe51.

In the particular embodiment of the invention illustrated, each scarnghead segment 44 forms an arc of y slightly less than 90 degrees andscarfing oxygen orifices 53 drilled therein are spaced 3 degrees aparton radial centers. Orices 53 are all of the same diameter; however,orifices 54, 56 situated at the extremities of each segment are of agreater diameter. Oriiices 54 and 56 are also drilled at differentangles than orifices 53. Orices 54 are drilled at an angle of 2-00' witha radial line and are directed toward the outer edge of the segment,whereas the orifices 56 are drilled at theeven greater angle, 250, witha radial line. Orifices 56 are also directed toward the outer edge ofthe segment. With orifices 54 and 56 drilled at such angles the scarfingaction of the issuing oxygen streams of adjacent torch elements thenoverlap and eliminate the ridge that would otherwise remain on thebillet in the region between adjacent scarfing head segments. Oriiices53, 54 and 56 extend into the interior of the scarfng head segment 44and intersect a conduit 57 cast into the segment. A sec-- ond conduit58, also cast into the segment is posterior to conduit 57 and connectedtherewith by drilled passages 59 and 61 arranged at intervals alongtheir length. This.

The torch t manifolding arrangement assures an even distribution of thescarfing oxygen supplied to conduits 53, 54 and 56. The conduits 57, 58are stoppered at either end with brass plugs 62 silver brazed in place.Scarling oxygen is admitted to conduit 58 through tapped hole 64 towhich the oxygen supply tube is connected by suitable fittings. Plugsare inserted in tapped holes 63, which holes are used to gain access topassages 59 during construction.

Preheat orifices 66 are of smaller diameter than the scarfing oxygenorifices 53, but are similarly arranged along radial lines 3 apart. Theline of centers of the preheat orifices are inclined to make a smallangle with the surface generated by the scarng O2 jets. The preheatorifices are alternately arranged in staggered relation with thescarfing orifices 53. All of the preheat orifices are drilled on `radiallines. The ve conduits on the extremities of each segment 44 arearranged along radial lines only 1-30' apart. Three preheat gasmanifolding chambers 67, 68 'and 69 are formed by slots milled in theoutside surface of segment 44. Inserts 71, 72, and 73 are silver brazedin position in the top of the milled slots to form the manifoldingchambers. These inserts may be retained in their position for solderingby a dowel for which an appropriate hole 74 is provided. Plugs 76,inserted and silver brazed at the extremi-` ities of each channel aredrilled and tapped to provide access to these manifolding chambers forthe purpose of cleaning them. Threaded plugs provide closures for theseaccess holes. Channel 67 acts as the primary intake and distributionmanifold for the oxyacetylene gas mixture. Mixed gas from an appropriatesupply enters manifolding chamber 67 through a port 77 which intersectschamber .7 at approximately its center. Drilled passages 78 at both endsof chamber 67 connect chamber 67 to charnber 68. Plugs 79 close the backof passages 78 above chamber 67. Preheat orifices 6-6 `are drilledthrough chamber 69 and intersect chamber 68. These orices are of very`small diameter and the three stage manifolding arrangement acts toproduce an even distribution of the issuing gas. The discharge end ofthe flame orifices are counterbored in a conventional manner.

In effect the scariing oxygen orifices, with the exception of thespecial orifices at the ends of each segment, produce a cone of oxygenjets having an apex at the center line of the workpiece. The spacing ofthe center lines of the individual jets from one another on the linewhere this cone cuts the surface of the work should preferably beA ofthe order of 0.20 inch. The heating gas orifices produce a cone ofheating gas jets also having an apex at the center line of theworkpiece. This cone cuts the surface of the work at substantially thesame place as the cutting oxygen jet cone. In practice it has been foundthat the lines of intersection of these two cones with the surface ofthe workpieceshould be within about 1A inch of each other.

It has been found that with the segment construction described above,including the key features of the fanned out scarfing jets at thesegment ends and the increased preheat density at the segment ends,round billets of a limited range of diameters can successfully bescarfed in a single pass leaving a smooth surface free of defects andridges.v

By way of example, a scarfing machine according to the present inventionhas been used to successfully scarf round billets of from 7% inches to8% inches diameter. To

change billet sizes the relative positions of the two ad-y jacentsegments that are supported from a single arm are adjusted so thespacing between these' segment ends is approximately equal to thespacing between segment ends of adjacent segments supported on diiferentarms, when the burner is closed around the billet.

The scarng head segment 44 has a Water cooling system comprising aninlet 81, fed from a waterin tube 80 which connects with a cross passage82 which in turn leads'down a passage 83 `formed by a plate covering are-3 cess in the face of the segment adjacent the shoe 51. A.

similar passage 84 communicates with the lower end of passage 83 andcarries the cooling fluid across substantially the entire extent of thesegment before it intersects channel 86 which carries the liquid up theinside surface of the torch element to a drilled passage 87communicating with drilled passage 88 on the side of the segmentopposite thel shoe. From this passage the water circulates along thelength of the back of the segment in a conduit 89 from which itdischarges from the segment thru passage 91. Discharge passage 91 istapped to receive appropriate fittings for tube 92 which leads into the'torch shoe 51 where the liquid also acts as a coolant. From the torchshoe 51 there is a discharge tube 93 which carries the cooling liquidaway from the scarfing area.

We claim:

1. The method of scarng a cylindrical workpiece which comprisessubstantially completely surrounding the workpiece with a plurality ofarcuate scarfing burners, projecting a plurality of heating ames andmain scarling oxygen jets from said scarfing burners obliquely againstthe cylindrical surface of the workpiece so that the geometricprojections of the heating flames and the scarfing oxygen jets on thesurface of the workpiece are parallel to the axis of the workpiece, andprojecting additional scarting oxygen jets from the terminal portions ofadjacent burners obliquely against the cylindrical surface of theworkpiece so that the geometric projection of said additional scarfingoxygen jets on the surface of the workpiece diverge from the projectionof .said main oxygen jets in the same burner and converge with theprojection of the additional jets from the near end of the adjacentburner, and advancing said workpiece axially with respect to saidburners to scarf the entire surface of said workpiece in a single pass.

2. The method according to claim 1 in which heating flames of greaterintensity are projected from the terminal portions of each scarfingburner than are projected from the remainder of each burner.

3. Apparatus for scarfing cylindrical workpieces comprising a pluralityof arcuate scarting burners, means for advancing said burners intooperable position to collectively substantially completely surround theworkpiece, means for projecting a plurality of heating flames from eachof said arcuate scarfing burners obliquely against the surface of saidworkpiece, means for projecting a plurality of main scarng oxygen jetsfrom each of said arcuate scariing burners obliquely against the surfaceof said workpiece in such direction that the geometric projections ofthe axes of said scarfing oxygen jets on the surface of the workpieceare parallel to the axis of the workpiece, and means for projectingadditional s'carfng oxygen jets from the terminal portions of eachscarng burner obliquely against the surface of the workpiece in suchdirection that the geometric projection of said additional scariingoxygen jets on the surface of the workpiece diverge from the projectionof said main oxygen jets in the same burner and converge with theprojection of the additional jets from the near end of the adjacentburner, and means for advancing the workpiece axially with respect tosaid scariing burners.

4. Apparatus according to claim 3 in which the means for producing theadditional scarng oxygen jets in each scarfing burner include scarfngoxygen orifices of larger diameter than the main scarng oxygen orifices.

5. Apparatus for scarlng cylindrical workpieces comprising a pluralityof arcuate scarng burners, means for advancing said burners intooperable position to collectively substantially completely surround theworkpiece, means for projecting a plurality of heating flames from eachof said arcuate scaring burners obliquely against the surface of saidworkpiece in such direction that the geometric projections of the axesof the heating flames on the surface of the workpiece are parallel tothe axis of the workpiece, said heating flames being in greaterconcentration at the terminal portions of each burner compared with theconcentration of such ame over the major portion of the length of saidburner, means for projecting a plurality of main scarfing oxygen jetsfrom each of said arcuate scarfing burners obliquely against the surfaceof said workpiece in such direction that the geometric projections ofthe axes of said scarng oxygen jets on the surface of the workpiece areparallel to the axis of the workpiece, and means for projectingadditional scariing oxygen jets from the terminal portions of eachscariing burner obliquely against the surface of the workpiece in suchdirection that the geometric projection of said additional scarfingoxygen jets on the surface of the workpiece diverge from the projectionof said main oxygen jets in the same burner and converge with theprojection of the additional jets from the near end of the adjacentburner, and means for advancing the workpiece axially with respect tosaid scarfing burners. Y

6. A scarfing burner adapted to be used with at least one other suchburner to scarf arcuate surfaces which comprises an arcuate structurehaving an arcuate inclined face containingv a plurality of radiallydirected scarfing oxygen orifices normal to the inclined face andequally spaced along the major portion of the length thereof and aplurality of non-radial scarng oxygen oritices forming divergent angleswith said radial scarng orifices and with each other adjacent each endof said inclined face, radially directed heating ame oriices spaced fromthe scarfing oxygen orifices and inclined to make a small included anglewith the arcuate surface produced by the projected axes of the scarfingoxygen orifices, said heating flame orifices being provided in greaterconcentration in the region of said non-radial scarfiug oxygen orificesthan in the region of said radial scarng oxygen orices, scarng oxygenmanifolding means communicating with said scarling oxygen orifices,scarfing oxygen inlet means communicating with said scarfing oxygenmanifolding means, heating gas manifolding means communicating with saidheating llame orifices, and heating gas inlet means communicating withsaid heating gas manifolding means.

7. A scarng burner according to claim 6 in which the non-radial scariingoxygen orifices are of larger diameter than said radial searfing oxygenorifices.

References Cited in the'le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS2,058,388 Rendleman Oct. 20, 1936 2,215,577 Bucknam Sept. 24, 19402,252,320 Hughey Aug. 12, 1941 2,290,295 Scheller July 21, 19422,351,653 Anderson June 20, 1944 2,442,437 Robbins et al June 1, 19482,742,960 Smith Apr. 24, 1956 FOREIGN PATENTS 694,191 Germany July 26,1940

